The RQC pathway is induced by ribosome stalling on mRNA during translational elongation, which may take place due to the defects in mRNA or ribosomes including truncated mRNA, inefficient decoding and non-stop mRNA 11, 12, 13, 14. One such surveillance pathway is ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) that targets for degradation the potentially toxic nascent polypeptides produced by defective translation 9, 10. To ensure proteome fidelity, cells have evolved a number of protein quality-control pathways that survey proteins to rapidly recognize and either correct or degrade aberrant proteins 6, 7, 8. Deficiencies in this coordination have already been implicated in a variety of human diseases ranging from cancer and aging to neurodegenerative disorders 3, 4, 5. Protein homeostasis requires precise control of protein synthesis, folding and degradation, which is achieved by the coordinated action of translation machinery, molecular chaperones, the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS), and the autophagy machinery 1, 2.
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